The techniques that scammers use are similar to legitimate
marketing techniques, only with a scam you are out your money without a product
or service.
Establish a
Connection. A scammer will want to develop a trusting relationship so that
you will feel confident to do what he wants. He might research your profile on
social media, or ask questions that allow him to try to give you a sense that
you both have common interests. This can occur online, on a telephone cold call
or he may take his time in a person to person social setting to groom you as a
target. The scammer may also use a tool called reciprocity. He will do
something for you to make you feel good about him and to make you feel that you
should do something for him.
Source Credibility.
Scammers want to appear credible to their targets. They will make it look like
that they are from legitimate businesses with fake websites, business cards or
phone numbers. They may also use a tone of voice and jargon that makes it
appear that they are legitimate.
Play on your Emotions.
Like a good salesman, scammers will want to develop of sense of urgency to get
you to decide quickly. The quicker you say yes, the less time that you have to
think about and research his proposal. This can be done by telling you that his
offer is available for a limited time, or there is a limited supply that is
going fast. Also, claiming that there is an emergency that needs to be resolved
quickly tries gets you to act without thinking.
One scam that uses these techniques is the “Affinity Fraud.”
This is where a scammer/fraudster may use social relationships such as in their
retirement community, church, or social group to recruit people to invest in a
supposedly “hot” investment. Frequently, these are simple Ponzi schemes when
the fraudster uses the money from early “investors” to pay off later
“investors.”
The fraudster will take the time to develop a friendship
with his targets. He will use different methods over time to play up his so
called credibly. And at some point, he might play on your emotions to act
before his opportunity goes away.
A classic fraudster who used Affinity Fraud was Bernie
Madoff.
You can avoid Affinity Fraud by:
- Not relying solely on
recommendations by friends, club members or associates. Check out the
investment from independent sources.
- Finding out if the
investment or product being sold is registered by using the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) BrokerCheck website (http://www.finra.org/Investors/ToolsCalculators/BrokerCheck/).
- Know where your money is
being invested and who is investing it.
- Getting everything in
writing and check to be sure that your money is actually where it is
supposed to be.
- Being careful if the
person is trying to pressure you into quick decisions. If it sounds too
good to be true, it probably is too good to be true.
We usually don’t think that we will become victims of fraud.
But no matter how sophisticated our knowledge of financial investments might
be, it is still important to be on the lookout for fraud no matter how much we
trust our source or our skills.
The Better Business Bureau:
AARP Fraud Watch Network:
http://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-01-2009/affinity_fraud.html